Statement by American historians opposing to the Japanese government's attempt to pressure publishers and historians to alter their research outcomes for political purposes

 

๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž๋“ค, ์ผ๋ณธ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ถœํŒ์‚ฌ, ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ '์œ„์•ˆ๋ถ€'์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ† ๋ก ์••๋ ฅํ–‰์‚ฌ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์„ฑ๋ช…

 

 


[American Historical Association - Perspectives on History]

 

Letters to the Editor

Standing with Historians of Japan

Alexis Dudden, March 2015

To the Editor:

 

As historians, we express our dismay at recent attempts by the Japanese government to suppress statements in history textbooks both in Japan and elsewhere about the euphemistically named โ€œcomfort womenโ€ who suffered under a brutal system of sexual exploitation in the service of the Japanese imperial army during World War II.

 

Historians continue to debate whether the numbers of women exploited were in the tens of thousands or the hundreds of thousands and what precise role the military played in their procurement. Yet the careful research of historian Yoshimi Yoshiaki in Japanese government archives and the testimonials of survivors throughout Asia have rendered beyond dispute the essential features of a system that amounted to state-sponsored sexual slavery. Many of the women were conscripted against their will and taken to stations at the front where they had no freedom of movement. Survivors have described being raped by officers and beaten for attempting to escape.

 

As part of its effort to promote patriotic education, the present administration of Prime Minister Shinzล Abe is vocally questioning the established history of the comfort women and seeking to eliminate references to them in school textbooks. Some conservative Japanese politicians have deployed legalistic arguments in order to deny state responsibility, while others have slandered the survivors. Right-wing extremists threaten and intimidate journalists and scholars involved in documenting the system and the stories of its victims.

 

We recognize that the Japanese government is not alone in seeking to narrate history in its own interest. In the United States, state and local boards of education have sought to rewrite school textbooks to obscure accounts of African American slavery or to eliminate โ€œunpatrioticโ€ references to the Vietnam War, for example. In 2014, Russia passed a law criminalizing dissemination of what the government deems false information about Soviet activities during World War II. This year, on the 100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, a Turkish citizen can be sent to jail for asserting that the government bears responsibility. The Japanese government, however, is now directly targeting the work of historians both at home and abroad.

 

On November 7, 2014, Japanโ€™s Foreign Ministry instructed its New York Consulate General to ask McGraw-Hill publishers to correct the depiction of the comfort women in its world history textbook Traditions and Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past, coauthored by historians Herbert Ziegler and Jerry Bentley.

 

On January 15, 2015, the Wall Street Journal reported a meeting that took place last December between Japanese diplomats and McGraw-Hill representatives. The publisher refused the Japanese governmentโ€™s request for erasure of two paragraphs, stating that scholars had established the historical facts about the comfort women.

 

On January 29, 2015, the New York Times further reported that Prime Minister Abe directly targeted the textbook during a parliamentary session, stating that he โ€œwas shockedโ€ to learn that his government had โ€œfailed to correct the things [it] should have.โ€

 

We support the publisher and agree with author Herbert Ziegler that no government should have the right to censor history. We stand with the many historians in Japan and elsewhere who have worked to bring to light the facts about this and other atrocities of World War II.

 

We practice and produce history to learn from the past. We therefore oppose the efforts of states or special interests to pressure publishers or historians to alter the results of their research for political purposes.

 

Jeremy Adelman
Princeton University

 

W. Jelani Cobb
University of Connecticut

 

Alexis Dudden
University of Connecticut

 

Sabine Frรผhstรผck
University of California, Santa Barbara

 

Sheldon Garon
Princeton University

 

Carol Gluck
Columbia University

 

Andrew Gordon
Harvard University

 

Mark Healey
University of Connecticut

 

Miriam Kingsberg
University of Colorado

 

Nikolay Koposov
Georgia Institute of Technology

 

Peter Kuznick
American University

 

Patrick Manning
University of Pittsburgh

 

Devin Pendas
Boston College

 

Mark Selden
Cornell University

 

Franziska Seraphim
Boston College

 

Stefan Tanaka
University of California, San Diego

 

Julia Adeney Thomas
Notre Dame University

 

Jeffrey Wasserstrom
University of California, Irvine

 

Theodore Jun Yoo
University of Hawaii

 

Herbert Ziegler
University of Hawaii

 

Editorโ€™s Note: This letter originated from an informal meeting held at the AHA annual meeting on January 2, 2015 in New York City.

 


 

'์•„๋ฒ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์‚ฌ ์™œ๊ณก ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€' ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํ•™์ž๋“ค ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ฑ๋ช… ์ „๋ฌธ

  • 2015/02/05 23:25

[์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‰ด์Šค]

 

<์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ> ์•Œ๋ ‰์‹œ์Šค ๋”๋“  ๊ต์ˆ˜ "์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํŽธํ•œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋ƒ"(์ข…ํ•ฉ)

๋ ‰์‹œ์Šค ๋”๋“  "์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํŽธํ•œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋ƒ"

๋ ‰์‹œ์Šค ๋”๋“  "์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํŽธํ•œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋ƒ"

 

(์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด=์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‰ด์Šค) ๋…ธํšจ๋™ ํŠนํŒŒ์› = ์ผ๋ณธ ์•„๋ฒ  ์‹ ์กฐ(ๅฎ‰ๅ€ๆ™‹ไธ‰) ์ด๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์‚ฌ ์™œ๊ณก์‹œ๋„์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ฑ๋ช…์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฝ”๋„คํ‹ฐ์ปท ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์•Œ๋ ‰์‹œ์Šค ๋”๋“  ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” 5์ผ(ํ˜„์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ„) ์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‰ด์Šคยท์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‰ด์ŠคTV์™€์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—์„œ "์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ž€ ์ทจ์‚ฌ์„ ํƒํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. (์•Œ๋ ‰์‹œ์Šค ๋”๋“  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฝ”๋„คํ‹ฐ์ปท ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์ œ๊ณต) rhd@yna.co.kr

 

์•„๋ฒ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์‚ฌ ์™œ๊ณก ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ฑ๋ช… ์ฃผ๋„โ€ฆ "์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ"
์ž‘๋…„๋ง๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋…ผ์˜โ€ฆ"์œ„์•ˆ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์  ๋‹จ๊ฒฐ"

 

(์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด=์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‰ด์Šค) ๋…ธํšจ๋™ ํŠนํŒŒ์› = ์ผ๋ณธ ์•„๋ฒ  ์‹ ์กฐ(ๅฎ‰ๅ€ๆ™‹ไธ‰) ์ด๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์‚ฌ ์™œ๊ณก ์‹œ๋„์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ฑ๋ช…์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฝ”๋„คํ‹ฐ์ปท ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์•Œ๋ ‰์‹œ์Šค ๋”๋“  ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” 5์ผ(ํ˜„์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ„) "์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ž€ ํŽธํ•œ ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ทจ์‚ฌ์„ ํƒํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.  

๋”๋“  ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ด๋‚  ์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‰ด์Šคยท์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‰ด์ŠคTV์™€์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด ๋ฐ ์ „ํ™”์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ  "์ผ๋ณธ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ์ˆ˜์ • ์••๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์ˆ ์˜ ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.  

๋”๋“  ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” "์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” '์ผ๋ณธ ๋•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋ฉฐ "์œ„์•ˆ๋ถ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ €์ˆ  ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ, ํ•„๋ฆฌํ•€, ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์•„, ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„ ํ•™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์  ๋‹จ๊ฒฐ ํ–‰์œ„"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.  

๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ปฌ๋Ÿผ๋น„์•„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ์นด๊ณ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•œ ๋”๋“  ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ๋™๋ถ์•„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋กœ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๋ฆฌ์ฟ„(๏งทๆ•Žๅคงๅญธ)ยท๊ฒŒ์ด์˜ค(ๆ…ถๆ‡‰)๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€์™€ ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํŠนํžˆ ๋‰ด์š•ํƒ€์ž„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜ ์–ธ๋ก ์— ์ผ๋ณธ๊ณผ ๋™๋ถ์•„๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.  

๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ผ๋ฌธ์ผ๋‹ต.

 

--์ด๋ฒˆ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ฑ๋ช… ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์œ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ.

 

โ–ฒ์ž‘๋…„ 11์›” ๋ง ์ผ๋ณธ ์™ธ๋ฌด์ƒ์ด ๋‰ด์š• ์ด์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งฅ๊ทธ๋กœํž ์ถœํŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ด ์•„๋ฒ  ์ •๊ถŒ์„ ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋‹จ์„ ์‚ญ์ œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ช‡๋ช…์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™๋„๋กœ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ฌ 1์›”2์ผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—ญ์‚ฌํ˜‘ํšŒ ์—ฐ๋ก€ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ๋ชจ์ด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ '์ผ๋ณธ ๋•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ'๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„์•ˆ๋ถ€ ์ด์Šˆ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ €์ˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ, ํ•„๋ฆฌํ•€, ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์•„, ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„ ํ•™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์  ๋‹จ๊ฒฐ ํ–‰์œ„๋‹ค.

 

--์„ฑ๋ช…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ธ๊ฐ€.

 

โ–ฒ์˜ฌ 1์›”2์ผ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ํ™œ์•ฝ ์ค‘์ธ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ง๋ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ณต ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์กฐ๊ต์ˆ˜์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ํ•™์ž์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์œ„๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋„ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ตœ์ข… ๋ช…๋‹จ์—๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์˜จ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„๋งŒ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ํ™˜์˜์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ„์•ˆ๋ถ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ €์ˆ ํ•ด์˜จ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กด๊ฒฝ์˜ ํ‘œ์‹œ์ด์ž ๋‹จ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

 

--ํ˜„์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ด ์„ฑ๋ช…์ด ์™œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€.

 

โ–ฒ์ผ๋ณธ๊ตฐ ์œ„์•ˆ๋ถ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ผ๋ณธ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ์„œ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ ธ ์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ •์น˜์  ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์ €์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ต์Šต์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฉ๋‚ฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ๋ณธ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ•™์ˆ ์  ์ž์œ ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

 

--์•„๋ฒ  ์ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ˆ˜์ •์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ด€์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์€๋ฐ.

 

โ–ฒ์•„๋ฒ  ์ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ต๊ณผ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฒ  ์ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํŽธ์˜์ ์ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ธ์ด๋‹ค.

 

--์ด๋ฒˆ ์„ฑ๋ช…์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ•™์ž๋“ค๋งŒ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‚˜.

 

โ–ฒํ•™์ˆ ์  ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณณ๋งŒ ์ทจ์‚ฌ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์žก์•„๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ์— ์„ฑ๋ช…์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ•œ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ํƒ€๊นƒ์ด ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์žก๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด๋ผ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•ฉ์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ €์ˆ ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ง€์ผœ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

 

-- ์˜ค๋Š” 8์›” 2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ์ข…์ „ 70์ฃผ๋…„์„ ๋งž์•„ ์•„๋ฒ  ์ด๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ด๋–ค ์ž…์žฅํ‘œ๋ช…์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‚˜.

 

โ–ฒ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ผ๋ณธ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์นจ๋žต์ „์Ÿ๊ณผ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ฃ„ํ•œ 1995๋…„ ๋ฌด๋ผ์•ผ๋งˆ(ๆ‘ๅฑฑ)๋‹ดํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ์•„๋ฒ  ์ด๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์‚ฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์ด ๋ฌด๋ผ์•ผ๋งˆ ๋‹ดํ™”์—์„œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

 

์ „ํ›„ ์งˆ์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ์ด ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ” ๊ฐ•ํ™”์กฐ์•ฝ์„ ์‹คํšจ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ” ์กฐ์•ฝ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ 1946๋…„ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ „์Ÿ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ทน๋™๊ตญ์ œ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์žฌํŒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „ํ›„ ์งˆ์„œ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์ผ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.


[Yonhap News Agency]

(Yonhap Interview)

Japan's attempt to dispute wartime history raises questions about academic freedom: U.S. scholar

WASHINGTON, Feb. 5 (Yonhap) -- Japan's attempt to dispute the long-established historical fact about the country's sexual enslavement of Asian women during World War II raises "serious concerns" about academic freedom in the country, an American scholar said Thursday.

Alexis Dudden, a professor at the University of Connecticut, also said in an email interview with Yonhap News Agency that Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe is attempting to "openly supplant long proven histories with preferred national memories."

   Dudden led a group of American history scholars to issue a joint statement expressing strong protest against Japan's pressuring of U.S. publisher McGraw-Hill to alter the description of the sexual slavery issue in one of its textbooks.

It is highly unusual for U.S. history scholars to collectively issue a statement on a specific historical issue. Nineteen scholars belonging to the American Historical Association co-signed the joint statement titled, "Standing with Historians of Japan."

   "The statement matters now because the history involved -- the so-called 'comfort women' -- has long been accepted as fact not only in Japan but also around the world. Targeting this particular history now for political reasons ... raises serious concerns about the state of academic freedom in Japan today," the professor said.

"As for Prime Minister Abe, it is important ... to understand that memory and history are different things. In this instance we have a politician who would openly supplant long proven histories with preferred national memories," she said.

The statement is "an act of professional solidarity with historians in Japan and elsewhere -- South Korea, the Philippines, Australia, Indonesia -- who research and write about these issues, Dudden said.

"Our aim is to show respect and solidarity for the efforts of historians everywhere who have long worked on the so-called comfort women issue and have published their work according to professional standards of evidence and multiple cross-referencing. This is how we produce the work we do, and why we hold to it as accurate and proven," she said.

In the joint statement, the scholars expressed "dismay" at Japan's pressuring of the textbook publisher, accusing the Abe administration of "vocally questioning the established history of the comfort women and seeking to eliminate references to them in school textbooks" as part of its effort to promote patriotic education.

They also stressed that "no government should have the right to censor history."

   "We practice and produce history to learn from the past. We therefore oppose the efforts of states or special interests to pressure publishers or historians to alter the results of their research for political purposes," the statement said.

Dudden stressed that "academic freedom is at stake" when certain political views summon history.

"This is how memory takes over what it calls history by picking and choosing from the past at will instead of learning from it," she said.

"Our small group agrees that it is the responsibility of historians who are able to practice in societies as open as the United States to recognize moments when colleagues elsewhere are themselves targeted and have their work targeted," she added.

Historians estimate that up to 200,000 women, mainly from Korea, which was a Japanese colony from 1910 to 1945, were forced to work in front-line brothels for Japanese soldiers during World War II. But Japan has long attempted to whitewash the atrocity.

The sexual slavery issue has been the biggest thorn in frayed relations between Japan and South Korea, with Seoul demanding Japan take steps to address the grievances of elderly Korean victims of the atrocity and Japan refusing to do so.


US Historians Protest Japan's Attempts to Distort History

 

Anchor: A group of U.S. historians has expressed dismay over the Japanese governmentโ€™s attempts to change passages about Japanโ€™s wartime sexual slavery in history textbooks in Japan, the U.S. and elsewhere. They stressed that no government should have the right to "censor history."

Our Bae Joo-yon has more.

 

Report: A group of American historians have issued a joint statement, protesting the Japanese governmentโ€™s pressuring of publishing companies and historians to change the results of their research on Japanโ€™s wartime sexual slavery.

 

The statement, titled "Standing with Historians of Japan,โ€ is set to appear in the March edition of the "Perspectives of History," the official publication of the American Historical Association.


The statement specifically noted that Japan's Foreign Ministry instructed its New York Consulate General last November to ask U.S.-based publisher McGraw-Hill Education to modify depictions of wartime sex slavery in one of its world history textbooks.


The historians said they are dismayed โ€œat recent attempts by the Japanese government to suppress statements in history textbooks both in Japan and elsewhere about the euphemistically named 'comfort women'. 


The scholars, who are members of the American Historical Association, noted that the victims suffered under a brutal system of sexual exploitation in the service of the Japanese imperial army during World War II.


Among the 19 scholars who issued the statement, University of Connecticut Professor Alexis Dudden told KBS that historians have already combed archives and interviewed victims and perpetrators to confirm the essential features of a system that amounted to state-sponsored sexual slavery.

 

[Sound bite: Alexis Dudden โ€“ Professor of History at the University of Connecticut (English)]

 

โ€œThis is something that's now an internationally recognized history. So, we felt particular responsibility to standing up for something we regard as part of world history.โ€

Dr. Dudden and her colleagues stressed in the statement that they practice and produce history to learn from the past and they โ€œtherefore oppose the efforts of states or special interests to pressure publishers or historians to alter the results of their research for political purposes.โ€

  

They blamed the Japanese government for attempting to eliminate references to its wartime sexual slavery in school textbooks as part of its effort to promote patriotic education.

 

The joint statement expressed support for authors and publishers and for others who โ€œhave worked to bring to light the facts about this and other atrocities of World War II.โ€

Bae Joo-yon, KBS World Radio News.

 

 


Source:

http://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/march-2015/letter-to-the-editor-japan

http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/news/news_In_detail.htm?No=108520

http://world.kbs.co.kr/news_print.htm?lang=e&No=108520&Category=News

http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/photos/1990000000.html?cid=PYH20150205139100071&from=search

http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2015/02/06/0200000000AKR20150206035000071.HTML?from=search

 

[(์‚ฌ)์œ ์—”์ธ๊ถŒ์ •์ฑ…์„ผํ„ฐ] 2015 ์ œ2ํšŒ ์œ ์—”์ธ๊ถŒ์ •์ฑ…์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ

 

์ผ์‹œ: 2015. 2. 3. (ํ™”) ~ 3. 3. (ํ™”) ๋งค์ฃผ ํ™”์š”์ผยท๋ชฉ์š”์ผ 14:00~16:00

์žฅ์†Œ: (์‚ฌ)์œ ์—”์ธ๊ถŒ์ •์ฑ…์„ผํ„ฐ 1์ธต ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค

์ฃผ์ตœ: (์‚ฌ)์œ ์—”์ธ๊ถŒ์ •์ฑ…์„ผํ„ฐ


์ œ 2ํšŒ ์œ ์—”์ธ๊ถŒ์ •์ฑ…์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ

2015๋…„ 2์›” 3์ผ(ํ™”) ~ 3์›” 3์ผ(ํ™”) ๋งค์ฃผ ํ™”/๋ชฉ ์˜คํ›„2~4์‹œ

์œ ์—”์ธ๊ถŒ์ •์ฑ…์„ผํ„ฐ 1์ธต ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค

 

ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ

1๊ฐ• / 2์›” 3์ผ(ํ™”) / ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด๋… ๋ฐ ์›์น™

๋น„์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ํ‰๋“ฑ: ๊ฐ™์€ ๋“ฏ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋“ฏ

 

2๊ฐ• / 2์›” 5์ผ(๋ชฉ) / ์ž์œ ๊ถŒ๊ทœ์•ฝ 20์กฐ

๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ํ˜์˜ค๋ฅผ ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?

 

3๊ฐ• / 2์›” 10์ผ(ํ™”) / ์ž์œ ๊ถŒ๊ทœ์•ฝ 17์กฐ

๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ์€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?

 

4๊ฐ• / 2์›” 12์ผ(๋ชฉ) / ์ž์œ ๊ถŒ๊ทœ์•ฝ 19์กฐ

๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด๊ฐ€?

 

5๊ฐ• / 2์›” 17์ผ(ํ™”) / 28์ฐจ ์ธ๊ถŒ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ ์˜์ œ

์•„๋™์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

 

6๊ฐ• / 2์›” 24์ผ(ํ™”) / 28์ฐจ ์ธ๊ถŒ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ ์˜์ œ

ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

 

7๊ฐ• / 2์›” 26์ผ(๋ชฉ) / 28์ฐจ ์ธ๊ถŒ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ ์˜์ œ

๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

 

8๊ฐ• / 3์›” 3์ผ(ํ™”) / ์œ ์—”์ธ๊ถŒ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ํ™œ์šฉ

๊ตญ์ œ์ธ๊ถŒ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

 

 

์ฐธ๊ฐ€์‹ ์ฒญ

์ฐธ๊ฐ€๋น„     10๋งŒ์› / ๊ฐœ๋ณ„๊ฐ•์˜ 1๋งŒ5์ฒœ์› / ํšŒ์› 8๋งŒ5์ฒœ์›, ๊ฐœ๋ณ„๊ฐ•์˜ 1๋งŒ2์ฒœ์›

์‹ ์ฒญ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•  1) ์ด๋ฆ„, ์†Œ์†, ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ฒ˜(ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ) ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ์†ก๋ถ€(kocun@kocun.org)

               2) ์ฐธ๊ฐ€๋น„ ์ž…๊ธˆ: KB๊ตญ๋ฏผ์€ํ–‰ 468001-01-066071(์œ ์—”์ธ๊ถŒ์ •์ฑ…์„ผํ„ฐ)

์‹ ์ฒญ๊ธฐํ•œ  2015. 2. 2(์›”) ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ธ์›(30๋ช…) ๋งˆ๊ฐ ์‹œ

*์‹ ์ฒญ์ ‘์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ž…๊ธˆํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋จ์„ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

์˜ค์‹œ๋Š” ๊ธธ

์ฃผ์†Œ   ์„œ์šธํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ ์„œ๋Œ€๋ฌธ๊ตฌ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ฌธ๋กœ 42 (์ฒœ์—ฐ๋™) 1์ธต ์œ ์—”์ธ๊ถŒ์ •์ฑ…์„ผํ„ฐ

๋ฌธ์˜   (์‚ฌ)์œ ์—”์ธ๊ถŒ์ •์ฑ…์„ผํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๊ตญ 02) 6287-1210/2


์ œ 2ํšŒ ์œ ์—”์ธ๊ถŒ์ •์ฑ…์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ

2015. 2. 3(ํ™”) ~ 3. 3(ํ™”) | ์œ ์—”์ธ๊ถŒ์ •์ฑ…์„ผํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๊ตญ

 

  • 7๊ฐ•_๋ถํ•œ์ธ๊ถŒ(20150226).pdf
  • 6๊ฐ•_์ธ๊ถŒ๊ณผํ™˜๊ฒฝ(20150224).hwp
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    1๊ฐ• | 2015. 2. 3(ํ™”)

    ๋น„์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ํ‰๋“ฑ: ๊ฐ™์€ ๋“ฏ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋“ฏ

    - ํ•œ๋‚ฑ, ์ธ๊ถŒ๊ต์œก์„ผํ„ฐ โ€˜๋“คโ€™ ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€

     

    2๊ฐ• | 2015. 2. 5(๋ชฉ)

    ๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด๊ฐ€?

    - ๋ฐ•์ฃผ๋ฏผ, ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•œ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ชจ์ž„

     

    3๊ฐ• | 2015. 2. 10(ํ™”)

    ๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ์€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?

    - ์—„๊ธฐํ˜ธ, ์ธ๊ถŒ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ โ€˜์ฐฝโ€™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€, <๊ฐ์‹œ์‚ฌํšŒ> ๊ณต๋™์ €์ž

    *3๊ฐ• ๊ฐ•์˜์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์˜์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

     

    4๊ฐ• | 2015. 2. 12(๋ชฉ)

    ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ํ˜์˜ค๋ฅผ ์•ˆ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?

    - ๋ฐ•๊ฒฝํƒœ, ์„ฑ๊ณตํšŒ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€ ๊ต์ˆ˜

     

    5๊ฐ• | 2015. 2. 17(ํ™”)

    ์•„๋™์—๊ฒŒ ์ ˆ์ ˆํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

    - ์ •๋ณ‘์ˆ˜, ๊ตญ์ œ์•„๋™์ธ๊ถŒ์„ผํ„ฐ(InCRC) ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๊ตญ์žฅ

     

    6๊ฐ• | 2015. 2. 24(ํ™”)

    ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

    - ๋ฐ•ํƒœํ˜„, ๊ฐ•์›๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฒ•ํ•™์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ต์ˆ˜

     

    7๊ฐ• | 2015. 2. 26(๋ชฉ)

    ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

    - ์„œ๋ณดํ˜, ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ†ต์ผํ‰ํ™”์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ