UN Secretary-General BAN Ki-moon's comments/position on the execution of the death penalty against the former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein

반기문 신임 UN 사무총장의 사담 후세인 이라크 전직 대통령 사형집행에 관한 발언/입장

Media Stakeout

2 January 2007

반기문 UN 사무총장 기자회견

2007. 1. 2.

(...)

Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon

Daily Noon Press Briefing

[OHCHR - Press Release] 

HIGH COMMISSIONER RENEWS CALL FOR RESTRAINT IN IRAQ

 

3 January 2007

 

UN 인권최고대표, 이라크에 자제할 것 재차 촉구

 

2007. 1. 3.

 

UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Louise Arbour, today renewed her call for restraint by the Government of Iraq in the execution of sentences of death imposed by the Iraqi High Tribunal. On 28 December 2006, alongside the confirmation of the death sentence of Saddam Hussein, the death sentences of two other co-defendants, Awad Hamad Al-Bandar and Barzan Ibrahim Al-Hassan, were also upheld on appeal. “International law, as it currently stands, only allows the imposition of the death penalty as an exceptional measure within rigorous legal constraints. The concerns that I expressed just days ago with respect to the fairness and impartiality of Saddam Hussein’s trial apply also to these two defendants”, the High Commissioner said. “I have therefore today directly appealed to the President of the Republic of Iraq to refrain from carrying out these sentences.”The High Commissioner also noted that under Iraq’s international obligations, it is bound to afford Awad Hamad Al-Bandar and Barzan Ibrahim Al-Hassan the opportunity to seek commutation or pardon of the sentence.

---

 

[UN News]

UN human rights chief calls on Iraq not to hang co-defendants of Saddam

UN 인권수장, 이라크에 후세인의 공동피고인들 사형집행하지 말 것 촉구

 

Louise Arbour

3 January 2007 – The top United Nations human rights official appealed directly to Iraqi President Jalal Talabani today not to execute two high-ranking colleagues of former president Saddam Hussein, who was hanged on Saturday.

“International law, as it currently stands, only allows the imposition of the death penalty as an exceptional measure within rigorous legal constraints,” UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Louise Arbour said referring to the scheduled hanging of two of Mr. Hussein’s co-defendants, Awad Hamad Al-Bandar and Barzan Ibrahim Al-Hassan.

“The concerns that I expressed just days ago with respect to the fairness and impartiality of Saddam Hussein’s trial apply also to these two defendants, she added in a statement. “I have therefore today directly appealed to the President of the Republic of Iraq to refrain from carrying out these sentences.”

Noting that the death sentences on the two were upheld together with that on Mr. Hussein, Ms. Arbour said that under Iraq’s international obligations, the country is bound to afford the two the opportunity to seek commutation or pardon of the sentences.

Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon fully endorsed Ms. Arbour’s call for restraint, his spokesperson Michele Montas told the daily news briefing in New York.

“The Secretary-General is of course aware of the ongoing debate concerning a total ban of the death penalty,” she said.

“Until the matter is resolved, he respects the right of Member States to have their own positions on it. However, the Secretary-General strongly believes in the wisdom of Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states ‘Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person,’” she added.

On the eve of Mr. Hussein’s execution Ms. Arbour likewise appealed to Iraq to avoid precipitously in light of concerns over the fairness of his trial.

“The appeal judgment is a lengthy and complex decision that requires careful study,” she said in a statement on Friday. “There were a number of concerns as to the fairness of the original trial, and there needs to be assurance that these issues have been comprehensively addressed. I call therefore on the Iraqi authorities not to act precipitately in seeking to execute the sentence in these cases.”

She noted that international law proscribes the imposition of the death sentence after an unfair trial. “All sections of Iraqi society, as well as the wider international community, have an interest in ensuring that a death sentence provided for in Iraqi law is only imposed following a trial and appeal process that is, and is legitimately seen as, fair, credible and impartial. That is especially so in a case as exceptional as this one,” she added.

She pointed out that under international treaties that Iraq has signed, Mr. Hussein had the right to appeal to the appropriate authorities for consideration of commutation or pardon.

Daily Noon Press Briefing

2007. 1. 3.

[1:38 - 3:30]

[7:50 - 9:20]
[10:30 - 11:23]
[15:25 - 17:58]
[18:18 - 18:52]
[23:21 - 24:09]
[24:54 - 27:20]
[28:18 - 28:53]
[35:05 - 33:51]

3 January 2007

(...)

The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights -– this is now about Iraq -- Louise Arbour, today renewed her call for restraint by the Government of Iraq in the execution of death sentences that have been imposed by the Iraqi High Tribunal.  Last week, the death sentences of two of Saddam Hussein’s co-defendants, Awad Hamad Al-Bandar and Barzan Ibrahim Al-Hassan, were upheld on appeal.

Arbour underlined that international law, as it currently stands, only allows the imposition of the death penalty as an exceptional measure within rigorous legal constraints.  Given that her concerns about the fairness and impartiality of Saddam Hussein’s trial apply also to the other two defendants, the High Commissioner today directly appealed to the Iraqi President to refrain from carrying out these sentences.

We have her full statement upstairs.

I was asked several questions yesterday, questions about the Secretary-General’s view on capital punishment, and I have since spoken with him this morning about that topic, and I have a few things to add.

The Secretary-General is, of course, aware of the ongoing debate in the General Assembly concerning a total ban of the death penalty.  Until the matter is resolved, he respects the right of Member States to have their own positions on it.

However, the Secretary-General strongly believes in the wisdom of article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states, “Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.”

In that context, he fully endorses the call made today by Louise Arbour for restraint by the Government of Iraq in the execution of the death sentences imposed by the Iraqi High Tribunal.

(...)

Question:  As far as the execution -- the question of execution -- the Secretary-General just issued a statement.  Does that mean that the Secretary-General has in fact corrected his position by supporting what is mentioned in the Geneva Convention?  And does he still stick by the fact that it is up to the Member States to decide who to hang, who not to hang?

Spokesperson:  I think yesterday he was acknowledging the fact that, as you know, there is no consensus at the United Nations over the issue of the death penalty.  There was a debate at the General Assembly a few years ago and it ended up with the majority of Member States opting for –- refusing to condemn the death penalty.

He recognizes the fact that we are trying to work towards the abolition of that practice.  However, he acknowledges also the fact that Member States have their positions on the issue.

Question:  Yes, Michele.  Just two things, one briefly a follow-up on that, Louise Arbour’s statement, questions of fairness of the process.  It sounded like the Secretary-General yesterday was, to a certain degree, defending the process and saying that Iraq was dealing –- the Iraqis were dealing with their past.  Is he essentially –- is it his position that this process by which Saddam Hussein has been tried and executed is not there?

(...)

And you had another question before…

Correspondent:  Does the Secretary-General, it’s his view, are you saying, that he does not view the process that led to the trial and execution of Saddam Hussein, that it was essentially questions about its fairness?

Spokesperson:  Well, we discussed this with him.  He was talking simply about the executions.  He was not talking about whether the trial was fair or not.  I think in this specific case, he already supported this morning the statement made by Louise Arbour.  And as you know, Louise Arbour also mentioned the fact that there are practices in the international courts condemning executions.  But she also acknowledges that there are differences within Member States about this situation.

(...)

Question:  This afternoon, human rights groups, including Human Rights Watch have criticized the Secretary-General’s statement on the execution of Saddam Hussein.  Does he have any response to those statements?

Spokesperson:  Well, I already gave his statement on the issue. 

Question:  But what are his views on the trial of Saddam Hussein?

Spokesperson:  He has not expressed his view on the trials.  He has supported today the call that Ms. Arbour sent to the Iraqi Government and that he was very strongly behind Ms. Arbour on this.  His opinion is that we should press for the abolition of capital punishment, but it should be a slow process, as you know.

Question:  But what are his views?  Ms. Arbour has given her views, but what are his views?

Spokesperson:  On the actual trial?

Question:  On the actual trial and execution.

Spokesperson:  He said what he thought in terms of the executions.  In terms of the trial, he has not expressed his views on it yet.

Question:  Just to follow up on that.  The Secretary-General was speaking yesterday at a time many world countries were issuing statements condemning even the process that Saddam went through.  So did it come across his mind that when he made his statements he undermines his position as an objective Secretary-General for this Organization?  And considering the statement that came from Iraq, from Mr. Ashraf Qazi who probably what we stated more, you know, what we know about the UN position.

Spokesperson:  Well, I think he…

Question:  When you spoke to him this morning what did he tell you?  Isn’t he worried now that people think he’s not really an objective Secretary-General, he’s more [inaudible]?

Spokesperson:  I think his statement here was clear.  I think it should be taken –- yesterday there was -- the complete statement does talk about, you know, the usual practice in humanitarian law and it does mention the larger picture.  I don’t think it’s fair to say that he’s changing his views or anything of that sort.  I think he’s clarified.  You had asked me to ask him to clarify his views and I think he did.

Question:  So what does he think of the Saddam, like versus this -– the Vatican issued a statement about last minute procedures.  What does he think?

Spokesperson:  [Inaudible] specifics in terms of the trial itself and what led to the execution, the times preceding the immediate execution.

(...)

Question:  I have a question; it’s obviously a period of transition here at the UN. I’m just curious about the future of Louise Arbour and her job.  Where do things stand with the new Secretary-General?

Spokesperson:  Well, we don’t know yet.  As I said yesterday and I will say it again today, there is going to be a review process –- all senior managers in their different positions -– and you should know more about this in a few weeks.

[The Spokesperson’s Office later clarified that Ms. Arbour’s current tenure is a four-year tenure, which was approved by the General Assembly and which ends in July 2008.]

Question:  How confident is he of Louise Arbour’s performance?

Spokesperson:  You heard him support Louise Arbour’s position today.

(...)

Question:  What was his view on the, how his death penalty quote…

Spokesperson:  …was received?  That’s why he wanted this morning to make, you know, to stress the fact that he supports definitely what we have in the Covenant of Human Rights, and he supports what has been the, let’s say, the tradition in the human rights bodies of the United Nations and the international courts.

Question:  …he made a mistake?

Spokesperson:  No, he didn’t say he made a mistake.  He said that, you know, he is a representative of 192 countries and there are 192 countries who disagree on the death penalty.  That was all, I think.  I think it was maybe, might have been blown a little bit out of the proportion he meant. 

(...)

Question:  Michele, you just sort of referred in passing to the fact that Ban Ki-moon supports the abolition of the death penalty, which sounds like an extremely strong position.  Did he say that this morning to you?  I mean, where does that come, where did he express support for the abolition of the death penalty?
 

Spokesperson:  Well, I think he did express it in his comments this morning when he spoke to me, and his comments when he mentioned the fact that Ms. Arbour spoke about those two executions to be taking place shortly.  I think he did, to me, it was important to him to stress that he was going along with what humanitarian law says.  And, he was going along with what have been traditional UN practices pushing towards the abolition…

Question:  So, he made it clear that he believes that we should, the UN should move towards the abolition of capital punishment?

Spokesperson:  Yes.

Question:  [talkover]

Spokesperson:  Well, we have the Covenant on Human Rights…

Question:  Well, the Covenant on Human Rights actually says, actually states where the death penalty is legal, it should happen only in the worst cases and he cited specifically that this, that Saddam’s were the most heinous crimes, so that sounds like, to me, like one of the worst cases, so I don’t understand.  Where… [talkover]…

Spokesperson:  You mentioned yourself that there are cases where…

Question:  It seems to me that according to that Covenant it allows executions only in the worst cases, but it allows executions [talkover]…

Spokesperson:  You have also the individual laws of countries.  Let’s face it -- we have 192 Member States in this Organization. 

Question:  Excuse me ma’am, Ms. Arbour issued that [inaudible] statement before Saddam’s execution, and I am sure Mr. Secretary-General had enough time to do his research before taking his position.  Why didn’t he call for similar restraint yesterday, instead of openly supporting the execution of Saddam?

Spokesperson:  You know, Ms. Arbour is the High Commissioner for Human Rights.  It is her job.

Question:  You are the UN position.  This is not something new…

Spokesperson:  But he acknowledged simply that there were Member States who had different practices and different laws.

(...)

Question:  What is his position –- I understand he supports the abolition of the death penalty -- but what is his position on a moratorium of the death penalty?  Does he think that it is feasible that the General Assembly, for instance, passes a resolution on a moratorium?

Spokesperson:  Well, this is a prerogative of the General Assembly.  Once the General Assembly sets such a decision, takes such a decision, I think the Secretary-General will certainly carry it forward and push it forward.

(...)

Question:  One last question in addition to that.  Just back to the death penalty:  is it correct that the United Nations defers to national law on internal matters, especially when there is no global treaty or convention?  I mean, is it not up to individual States to set their own laws?

Spokesperson:  Yes, it is the case, and this is what was referred to yesterday by the Secretary-General.

Question:  It sounds that perhaps Mr. Ban is stepping away from that?

Spokesperson:  I don’t think he’s stepping away from that.  I think it is a common position here.

(...)

[The New York Times]

New U.N. Chief Invites Controversy by Declining to Oppose Hussein Execution

2007. 1. 3.

신임 UN 수장, 사담 후세인 사형집행에 반대 안해 논란

UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948

Preamble

Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,

Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,

Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,

Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,

Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,

Now, therefore,

The General Assembly,

Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.

Article 1

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Article 2

Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.

Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

Article 3

Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

Article 4

No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

Article 5

No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Article 6

Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.

Article 7

All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.

Article 8

Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.

Article 9

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

Article 10

Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.

Article 11

1. Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.

2. No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.

Article 12

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

Article 13

1. Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State.

2. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.

Article 14

1. Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.

2. This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Article 15

1. Everyone has the right to a nationality.

2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.

Article 16

1. Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.

2. Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.

3. The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.

Article 17

1. Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.

2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

Article 18

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

Article 19

Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

Article 20

1. Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.

2. No one may be compelled to belong to an association.

Article 21

1. Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.

2. Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country.

3. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.

Article 22

Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.

Article 23

1. Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.

2. Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.

3. Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.

4. Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.

Article 24

Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.

Article 25

1. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.

2. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.

Article 26

1. Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.

2. Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.

3. Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.

Article 27

1. Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.

2. Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.

Article 28

Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.

Article 29

1. Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.

2. In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.

3. These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Article 30

Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.

세계인권선언

전문

모든 인류 구성원의 천부의 존엄성과 동등하고 양도할 수 없는 권리를 인정하는 것이 세계의 자유, 정의 및 평화의 기초이며,

인권에 대한 무시와 경멸이 인류의 양심을 격분시키는 만행을 초래하였으며,

인간이 언론과 신앙의 자유, 그리고 공포와 결핍으로부터의 자유를 누릴 수 있는 세계의 도래가 모든 사람들의 지고한 열망으로서 천명되어 왔으며,

인간이 폭정과 억압에 대항하는 마지막 수단으로서 반란을 일으키도록 강요받지 않으려면, 법에 의한 통치에 의하여 인권이 보호되어야 하는 것이 필수적이며,

국가간에 우호관계의 발전을 증진하는 것이 필수적이며,

국제연합의 모든 사람들은 그 헌장에서 기본적 인권, 인간의 존엄과 가치, 그리고 남녀의 동등한 권리에 대한 신념을 재확인하였으며, 보다 폭넓은 자유속에서 사회적 진보와 보다 나은 생활수준을 증진하기로 다짐하였고,

회원국들은 국제연합과 협력하여 인권과 기본적 자유의 보편적 존중과 준수를 증진할 것을 스스로 서약하였으며,

이러한 권리와 자유에 대한 공통의 이해가 이 서약의 완전한 이행을 위하여 가장 중요하므로,

이에,

국제연합총회는,

모든 개인과 사회 각 기관이 이 선언을 항상 유념하면서 학습 및 교육을 통하여 이러한 권리와 자유에 대한 존중을 증진하기 위하여 노력하며, 국내적 그리고 국제적인 점진적 조치를 통하여 회원국 국민들 자신과 그 관할 영토의 국민들 사이에서 이러한 권리와 자유가 보편적이고 효과적으로 인식되고 준수되도록 노력하도록 하기 위하여, 모든 사람과 국가가 성취하여야 할 공통의 기준으로서 이 세계인권선언을 선포한다.

제1조

모든 인간은 태어날 때부터 자유로우며 그 존엄과 권리에 있어 동등하다. 인간은 천부적으로 이성과 양심을 부여받았으며 서로 형제애의 정신으로 행동하여야 한다.

제2조

모든 사람은 인종, 피부색, 성, 언어, 종교, 정치적 또는 기타의 견해, 민족적 또는 사회적 출신, 재산, 출생 또는 기타의 신분과 같은 어떠한 종류의 차별이 없이 이 선언에 규정된 모든 권리와 자유를 향유할 자격이 있다. 더 나아가 개인이 속한 국가 또는 영토가 독립국, 신탁통치지역, 비자치지역이거나 또는 주권에 대한 여타의 제약을 받느냐에 관계없이, 그 국가 또는 영토의 정치적, 법적 또는 국제적 지위에 근거하여 차별이 있어서는 아니된다.

제3조

모든 사람은 생명과 신체의 자유와 안전에 대한 권리를 가진다.

제4조

어느 누구도 노예상태 또는 예속상태에 놓여지지 아니한다. 모든 형태의 노예제도와 노예매매는 금지된다.

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어느 누구도 고문, 또는 잔혹하거나 비인도적이거나 굴욕적인 처우 또는 형벌을 받지 아니한다.

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모든 사람은 어디에서나 법 앞에 인간으로서 인정받을 권리를 가진다.

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모든 사람은 법 앞에 평등하며 어떠한 차별도 없이 법의 동등한 보호를 받을 권리를 가진다. 모든 사람은 이 선언에 위반되는 어떠한 차별과 그러한 차별의 선동으로부터 동등한 보호를 받을 권리를 가진다.

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모든 사람은 헌법 또는 법률이 부여한 기본적 권리를 침해하는 행위에 대하여 권한있는 국내법정에서 실효성 있는 구제를 받을 권리를 가진다.

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어느 누구도 자의적으로 체포, 구금 또는 추방되지 아니한다.

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모든 사람은 자신의 권리, 의무 그리고 자신에 대한 형사상 혐의에 대한 결정에 있어 독립적이며 공평한 법정에서 완전히 평등하게 공정하고 공개된 재판을 받을 권리를 가진다.

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1.          모든 형사피의자는 자신의 변호에 필요한 모든 것이 보장된 공개 재판에서 법률에 따라 유죄로 입증될 때까지 무죄로 추정받을 권리를 가진다.

2.          어느 누구도 행위시에 국내법 또는 국제법에 의하여 범죄를 구성하지 아니하는 작위 또는 부작위를 이유로 유죄로 되지 아니한다. 또한 범죄 행위시에 적용될 수 있었던 형벌보다 무거운 형벌이 부과되지 아니한다.

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어느 누구도 그의 사생활, 가정, 주거 또는 통신에 대하여 자의적인 간섭을 받거나 또는 그의 명예와 명성에 대한 비난을 받지 아니한다. 모든 사람은 이러한 간섭이나 비난에 대하여 법의 보호를 받을 권리를 가진다.

제13조

1.          모든 사람은 자국내에서 이동 및 거주의 자유에 대한 권리를 가진다.

2.          모든 사람은 자국을 포함하여 어떠한 나라를 떠날 권리와 또한 자국으로 돌아올 권리를 가진다.

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1.          모든 사람은 박해를 피하여 다른 나라에서 비호를 구하거나 비호를 받을 권리를 가진다.

2.          이러한 권리는 진실로 비정치적 범죄 또는 국제연합의 목적과 원칙에 위배되는 행위로 인하여 기소된 경우에는 주장될 수 없다.

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1.          모든 사람은 국적을 가질 권리를 가진다.

2.          어느 누구도 자의적으로 자신의 국적을 박탈당하지 아니하며 자신의 국적을 변경할 권리가 부인되지 아니한다.

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1.          성인 남녀는 인종, 국적 또는 종교에 따른 어떠한 제한도 없이 혼인하고 가정을 이룰 권리를 가진다. 그들은 혼인에 대하여, 혼인기간중 그리고 혼인해소시에 동등한 권리를 향유할 자격이 있다.

2.          혼인은 장래 배우자들의 자유롭고 완전한 동의하에서만 성립된다.

3.          가정은 사회의 자연적이고 기초적인 단위이며, 사회와 국가의 보호를 받을 권리가 있다.

제17조

1.          모든 사람은 단독으로 뿐만 아니라 다른 사람과 공동으로 재산을 소유할 권리를 가진다.

2.          어느 누구도 자의적으로 자신의 재산을 박탈당하지 아니한다.

제18조

모든 사람은 사상, 양심 및 종교의 자유에 대한 권리를 가진다. 이러한 권리는 종교 또는 신념을 변경할 자유와, 단독으로 또는 다른 사람과 공동으로 그리고 공적으로 또는 사적으로 선교, 행사, 예배 및 의식에 의하여 자신의 종교나 신념을 표명하는 자유를 포함한다.

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모든 사람은 의견의 자유와 표현의 자유에 대한 권리를 가진다. 이러한 권리는 간섭없이 의견을 가질 자유와 국경에 관계없이 어떠한 매체를 통해서도 정보와 사상을 추구하고, 얻으며, 전달하는 자유를 포함한다.

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1.          모든 사람은 평화적인 집회 및 결사의 자유에 대한 권리를 가진다.

2.          어느 누구도 어떤 결사에 참여하도록 강요받지 아니한다.

제21조

1.          모든 사람은 직접 또는 자유로이 선출된 대표를 통하여 자국의 정부에 참여할 권리를 가진다.

2.          모든 사람은 자국에서 동등한 공무담임권을 가진다.

3.          국민의 의사가 정부 권능의 기반이다. 이러한 의사는 보통∙평등 선거권에 따라 비밀 또는 그에 상당한 자유 투표절차에 의한 정기적이고 진정한 선거에 의하여 표현된다.

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모든 사람은 사회의 일원으로서 사회보장을 받을 권리를 가지며, 국가적 노력과 국제적 협력을 통하여, 그리고 각 국가의 조직과 자원에 따라서 자신의 존엄과 인격의 자유로운 발전에 불가결한 경제적, 사회적 및 문화적 권리들을 실현할 권리를 가진다.

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1.          모든 사람은 일, 직업의 자유로운 선택, 정당하고 유리한 노동 조건, 그리고 실업에 대한 보호의 권리를 가진다.

2.          모든 사람은 아무런 차별없이 동일한 노동에 대하여 동등한 보수를 받을 권리를 가진다.

3.          노동을 하는 모든 사람은 자신과 가족에게 인간의 존엄에 부합하는 생존을 보장하며, 필요한 경우에 다른 사회보장방법으로 보충되는 정당하고 유리한 보수에 대한 권리를 가진다.

4.          모든 사람은 자신의 이익을 보호하기 위하여 노동조합을 결성하고, 가입할 권리를 가진다.

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모든 사람은 노동시간의 합리적 제한과 정기적인 유급휴가를 포함하여 휴식과 여가의 권리를 가진다.

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1.      모든 사람은 의식주, 의료 및 필요한 사회복지를 포함하여 자신과 가족의 건강과 안녕에 적합한 생활수준을 누릴 권리와, 실업, 질병, 장애, 배우자, 사망, 노령 또는 기타 불가항력의 상황으로 인한 생계 결핍의 경우에 보장을 받을 권리를 가진다.

2.      어머니와 아동은 특별한 보호와 지원을 받을 권리를 가진다. 모든 아동은 적서에 관계없이 동일한 사회적 보호를 누린다.

제26조

1.          모든 사람은 교육을 받을 권리를 가진다. 교육은 최소한 초등 및 기초단계에서는 무상이어야 한다. 초등교육은 의무적이어야 한다. 기술 및 직업교육은 일반적으로 접근이 가능하여야 하며, 고등교육은 모든 사람에게 실력에 근거하여 동등하게 접근 가능하여야 한다.

2.          교육은 인격의 완전한 발전과 인권과 기본적 자유에 대한 존중의 강화를 목표로 한다. 교육은 모든 국가, 인종 또는 종교 집단간에 이해, 관용 및 우의를 증진하며, 평화의 유지를 위한 국제연합의 활동을 촉진하여야 한다.

3.          부모는 자녀에게 제공되는 교육의 종류를 선택할 우선권을 가진다.

제27조

1.          모든 사람은 공동체의 문화생활에 자유롭게 참여하며 예술을 향유하고 과학의 발전과 그 혜택을 공유할 권리를 가진다.

2.          모든 사람은 자신이 창작한 과학적, 문학적 또는 예술적 산물로부터 발생하는 정신적, 물질적 이익을 보호받을 권리를 가진다.

제28조

모든 사람은 이 선언에 규정된 권리와 자유가 완전히 실현될 수 있도록 사회적, 국제적 질서에 대한 권리를 가진다.

제29조

1.          모든 사람은 그 안에서만 자신의 인격이 자유롭고 완전하게 발전할 수 있는 공동체에 대하여 의무를 가진다.

2.          모든 사람은 자신의 권리와 자유를 행사함에 있어, 다른 사람의 권리와 자유를 당연히 인정하고 존중하도록 하기 위한 목적과, 민주사회의 도덕, 공공질서 및 일반적 복리에 대한 정당한 필요에 부응하기 위한 목적을 위해서만 법에 따라 정하여진 제한을 받는다.

3.          이러한 권리와 자유는 어떠한 경우에도 국제연합의 목적과 원칙에 위배되어 행사되어서는 아니된다.

제30조

이 선언의 어떠한 규정도 어떤 국가, 집단 또는 개인에게 이 선언에 규정된 어떠한 권리와 자유를 파괴하기 위한 활동에 가담하거나 또는 행위를 할 수 있는 권리가 있는 것으로 해석되어서는 아니된다.